Historically, the Duchy of Gascony extended across the South West of France in the form of a square,

from the river Garonne (and Toulouse), down to the Pyrenees, across to the Atlantic Ocean and up as far

as Bordeaux and the river Gironde, but excluding the counties of Bearn and the Pays Basque

(Pyrenees Atlantiques Departement).

(Approximately the Departements of the Gironde (33), Lot et Garonne (47), Haute Garonne (31), Gers (32),

Haute Pyrenees (65) and Landes (40) as they are today).

Gascony was incorporated in the duchy of Aquitaine from 1036.

he counties and viscounties of Béarn, Bigorre, Comminges, in the Pyrenees and Lomage, Armagnac,

Astarac theoretically vassals of the duke of Aquitaine (king of England) were in fact more or less under control